Turkmenistan

Europe & Central Asia·Upper middle income

Population: 7.36M; 104th of 217
GDP: $64.2B; 89th of 214 · 2024
GDP per capita: $8,572; 107th of 214 · 2024
Life expectancy: 70.1; 152nd of 217
Human development: 0.745; 93rd of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Turkmenistan

Armenia

Belarus

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Georgia

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

upper middle-income Central Asian economy; has 10% of global natural gas reserves, exporting to Russia and China; natural resource rich; authoritarian and dominated by state-owned enterprises; major central-south Asian pipeline development

Area: 488,100 km²
Resources: petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
Borders: Afghanistan; Iran 1,148 km; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan 1,793 km

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Muslim94.3%▲ 1.3pt
Christian5.6%▼ 0.8pt

Religious diversity: 1.26 / 10 · low · 149th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

TKM

ARM

BLR

BIH

GDP

current US$

$64.2B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$1.38B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

26.8%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

11.3%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

39.3%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

GDP per capita, long run

2011 int'l $

–––

Annual hours worked

hours per worker

2,178.6–––

Population

people

7.36M–––

Population density

people per km²

15.4–––

Urban population

% of total

54%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

2.7–––

Net migration

people

14.6K–––

Population under 15

% of total

31.5%–––

Population 65+

% of total

4.5%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

5.4%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

2.7%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

49.5K–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

4,971.2–––

Electricity generation

TWh

37.3–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0.2%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Top 1% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Top 10% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Bottom 50% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Top 1% wealth share

% of net wealth

–––

Gini, pre-tax income

0–1

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Civil liberties

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Political corruption

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Academic freedom

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

1.26–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

0.1%–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#89/214

$64.2B2024

GDP per capita

current US$

#107/214

$8,5722024

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#99/203

$19,829latest

GDP growth

annual %

#141/214

2.3%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#99/207

$8,3902024

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#98/213

3.6%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#78/201

$1.38B2023

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#187/205

26.8%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#68/206

11.3%2023

Industry value added

% of GDP

#22/208

39.3%2023

Unemployment

% of labor force

#70/187

4.1%latest

GDP per capita, long run

2011 int'l $

#66/165

$17,2352022

Annual hours worked

hours per worker

#32/129

2,178.62023

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#104/217

7.36Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#196/216

15.4latest

Urban population

% of total

#139/215

54%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#152/217

70.1latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#72/217

2.7latest

Net migration

people

#43/217

14.6K2024

Population under 15

% of total

#66/217

31.5%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#154/217

4.5%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#153/196

31.2latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#158/196

40latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#118/192

5.4%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#86/195

2.1latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#23/160

99.4%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#161/199

2.7%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#133/194

18.3%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#51/139

94.9%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#195/210

21.3%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#164/214

88.22021

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#135/208

5.22022

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#153/215

188.32024

Access to electricity

% of population

#117/215

100%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#25/198

49.5K2024

Electricity per capita

kWh

#59/202

4,971.22024

Electricity generation

TWh

#64/202

37.32024

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#191/202

0%2024

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#190/202

100%2023

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#161/204

812024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#183/204

10.82024

Share of global CO₂

#44/204

0.2%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#177/193

16.62023

Inequality

Who gets what — top and bottom shares of income and wealth, from tax data and national accounts

theme overview →

Top 1% income share

% of pre-tax income

#150/210

0.2%2024

Top 10% income share

% of pre-tax income

#148/210

0.5%2024

Bottom 50% income share

% of pre-tax income

#164/210

0.1%2024

Top 1% wealth share

% of net wealth

#99/210

0.3%2024

Gini, pre-tax income

0–1

#162/210

0.6132024

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#157/175

0.1482025

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#170/175

0.0342025

Civil liberties

V-Dem, 0–1

#170/175

0.1122025

Political corruption

V-Dem, 0–1

#169/175

0.8992025

Academic freedom

V-Dem, 0–1

#168/175

0.0642025

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#167/178

192022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#181/193

-1.442022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#167/193

-1.162022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#180/193

-1.492022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#105/193

-0.12022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#158/175

0.4372025

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#149/193

1.262020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#165/193

0.1%2020

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#93/189

0.7452021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#43/170

0.1772021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#97/164

5.472021

Global Peace Index

1–5

#97/158

2.112023

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.