Romania

Europe & Central Asia·High incomeEU

Population: 19.1M; 66th of 217
GDP: $383B; 43rd of 214 · 2024
GDP per capita: $20,072; 74th of 214 · 2024
Life expectancy: 76.6; 88th of 217
Human development: 0.821; 52nd of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Romania

Bulgaria

Hungary

Latvia

Croatia

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

high-income, EU-member economy; euro membership delayed over macroeconomic indicators; persistent inflation, but consumption and EU-funded investments driving recovery; skilled labor shortage; high public debt and budget deficit; challenges include fiscal sustainability and political instability

Area: 238,391 km²
Resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land…
Borders: Bulgaria; Hungary; Moldova; Serbia; Ukraine

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Christian98.5%▼ 0.7pt
Unaffiliated0.9%▲ 0.7pt

Religious diversity: 0.337 / 10 · very low · 177th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

ROU

BGR

HUN

LVA

GDP

current US$

$383B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$7.35B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

61.8%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

3.3%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

25%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Gini index

0–100

–––

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

–––

Population

people

19.1M–––

Population density

people per km²

82.8–––

Urban population

% of total

54.7%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

1.7–––

Net migration

people

-28.5K–––

Population under 15

% of total

15.7%–––

Population 65+

% of total

20%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

5.7%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

3.3%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

18.7K–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

2,779.9–––

Electricity generation

TWh

52.9–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0.2%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.478–––

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.323–––

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

8.68–––

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

2.25–––

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

3.21–––

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

4.43–––

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

42.1%–––

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

2.29–––

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

18.7%–––

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

28.5%–––

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

40.3%–––

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

11.8%–––

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

45.3%–––

Luck matters more than work

1–10

3.27–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

0.337–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

0.9%–––

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

–––

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

1.8–––

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

2.16–––

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

2.33–––

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

3.16–––

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

8.25–––

National pride

mean, 1–4

3.38–––

Would fight for country

% yes

59.2%–––

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

2.01–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

–––

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

1.6%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#43/214

$383B2024

GDP per capita

current US$

#74/214

$20,0722024

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#51/203

$45,770latest

GDP growth

annual %

#180/214

0.8%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#71/207

$17,6002024

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#177/213

8.8%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#38/201

$7.35B2024

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#81/205

61.8%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#130/206

3.3%2024

Industry value added

% of GDP

#90/208

25%2024

Unemployment

% of labor force

#105/187

5.6%latest

Gini index

0–100

#50/168

32.3latest

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

#72/168

1.5%latest

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#66/217

19.1Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#118/216

82.8latest

Urban population

% of total

#135/215

54.7%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#88/217

76.6latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#129/217

1.7latest

Net migration

people

#185/217

-28.5K2024

Population under 15

% of total

#173/217

15.7%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#36/217

20%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#54/196

5.4latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#55/196

6.6latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#111/192

5.7%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#40/195

3.5latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#31/160

99%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#138/199

3.3%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#68/194

58.2%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#71/139

82.1%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#56/210

89.2%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#80/214

123.32023

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#43/208

34.72023

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#42/215

27.2K2024

Access to electricity

% of population

#92/215

100%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#83/198

18.7K2024

Electricity per capita

kWh

#96/202

2,779.92024

Electricity generation

TWh

#53/202

52.92024

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#70/202

47.7%2024

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#58/202

32%2024

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#156/204

68.62024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#114/204

3.62024

Share of global CO₂

#49/204

0.2%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#97/193

5.12023

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#53/172

0.6892022

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#52/172

0.5472022

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#63/178

462022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#79/193

0.01672022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#84/193

0.00004712022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#65/193

0.4042022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#68/193

0.4882022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#48/172

0.8722022

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

#42/104

0.4782018

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

#64/105

0.3232018

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

#47/113

8.682018

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

#74/112

2.252018

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

#60/114

3.212018

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

#72/114

4.432018

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

#50/114

1.642018

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

#76/111

2.492018

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

#43/113

42.1%2018

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

#60/109

2.292018

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

#47/112

18.7%2018

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

#35/112

28.5%2018

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

#61/114

40.3%2018

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

#102/114

11.8%2018

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

#86/110

45.3%2018

Luck matters more than work

1–10

#102/109

3.272018

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#177/193

0.3372020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#132/193

0.9%2020

Trust & Institutions

Who people trust, and how much faith they place in government, press, and courts

theme overview →

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

#86/114

12.3%2018

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

#99/112

1.82018

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

#73/113

2.162018

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

#76/110

2.332018

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

#4/111

3.162018

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

#62/104

8.252018

National pride

mean, 1–4

#79/114

3.382018

Would fight for country

% yes

#85/113

59.2%2018

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

#97/114

2.012018

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#52/189

0.8212021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#67/170

0.2822021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#34/164

6.632025

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

#24/113

7.672018

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

#46/114

7.342018

Global Peace Index

1–5

#32/158

1.652023

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#81/161

1.6%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.