Poland

Europe & Central Asia·High incomeOECDEU

Population: 36.7M; 42nd of 217
GDP: $915B; 21st of 214 · 2024
GDP per capita: $25,023; 61st of 214 · 2024
Life expectancy: 78.5; 59th of 217
Human development: 0.876; 33rd of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Poland

Greece

Slovak Republic

Croatia

Latvia

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; private consumption and EU-funded public investments driving GDP growth; increased social spending, flooding recovery costs, and defense spending have added to public debt

Area: 312,685 km²
Resources: coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land
Borders: Belarus; Czechia; Germany; Lithuania, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast); Slovakia; Ukraine

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Christian91.2%▼ 6.1pt
Unaffiliated8.6%▲ 6.0pt

Religious diversity: 1.88 / 10 · low · 130th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

POL

GRC

SVK

HRV

GDP

current US$

$915B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$18.5B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

83%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

2.6%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

26.4%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Gini index

0–100

–––

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

–––

Population

people

36.7M–––

Population density

people per km²

120.3–––

Urban population

% of total

60.2%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

1.2–––

Net migration

people

-238K–––

Population under 15

% of total

14.8%–––

Population 65+

% of total

20.1%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

7%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

4.7%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

29.2K–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

4,416.3–––

Electricity generation

TWh

170.2–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0.7%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.487–––

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.486–––

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

7.66–––

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

3.98–––

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

3.79–––

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

5.27–––

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

23.5%–––

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

2.2–––

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

7.8%–––

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

20.5%–––

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

28.6%–––

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

20.9%–––

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

44.7%–––

Luck matters more than work

1–10

5.67–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

1.88–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

8.6%–––

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

–––

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

1.96–––

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

2.12–––

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

2.23–––

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

1.75–––

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

9.05–––

National pride

mean, 1–4

3.61–––

Would fight for country

% yes

78.4%–––

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

2.28–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

–––

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

3.8%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#21/214

$915B2024

GDP per capita

current US$

#61/214

$25,0232024

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#50/203

$46,758latest

GDP growth

annual %

#117/214

2.9%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#62/207

$21,5602024

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#96/213

3.6%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#20/201

$18.5B2024

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#44/205

83%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#139/206

2.6%2024

Industry value added

% of GDP

#75/208

26.4%2024

Unemployment

% of labor force

#29/187

2.7%latest

Gini index

0–100

#24/168

28.9latest

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

#39/168

0.3%latest

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#42/217

36.7Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#90/216

120.3latest

Urban population

% of total

#114/215

60.2%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#59/217

78.5latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#205/217

1.2latest

Net migration

people

#210/217

-238K2024

Population under 15

% of total

#186/217

14.8%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#33/217

20.1%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#36/196

3.7latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#36/196

4.4latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#86/192

7%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#43/195

3.4latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#14/160

99.8%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#77/199

4.7%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#40/194

75.3%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#63/139

88.9%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#74/210

86.4%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#49/214

135.22023

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#70/208

26.12023

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#31/215

41.1K2024

Access to electricity

% of population

#88/215

100%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#55/198

29.2K2024

Electricity per capita

kWh

#68/202

4,416.32024

Electricity generation

TWh

#28/202

170.22024

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#103/202

29.8%2024

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#113/202

70.2%2024

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#183/204

272.92024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#168/204

7.12024

Share of global CO₂

#22/204

0.7%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#151/193

8.72023

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#75/172

0.5742022

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#75/172

0.4252022

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#46/178

552022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#55/193

0.5072022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#66/193

0.2592022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#62/193

0.4312022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#66/193

0.52022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#64/172

0.8282022

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

#40/104

0.4872012

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

#17/105

0.4862012

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

#65/113

7.662017

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

#44/112

3.982017

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

#46/114

3.792017

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

#47/114

5.272017

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

#7/114

1.282017

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

#14/111

1.562017

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

#78/113

23.5%2017

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

#69/109

2.22017

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

#80/112

7.8%2017

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

#58/112

20.5%2017

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

#99/114

28.6%2017

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

#76/114

20.9%2017

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

#88/110

44.7%2017

Luck matters more than work

1–10

#12/109

5.672012

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#130/193

1.882020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#68/193

8.6%2020

Trust & Institutions

Who people trust, and how much faith they place in government, press, and courts

theme overview →

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

#44/114

24.8%2017

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

#90/112

1.962017

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

#82/113

2.122017

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

#87/110

2.232017

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

#96/111

1.752017

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

#18/104

9.052017

National pride

mean, 1–4

#48/114

3.612017

Would fight for country

% yes

#41/113

78.4%2017

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

#64/114

2.282017

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#33/189

0.8762021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#31/170

0.1092021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#25/164

6.772025

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

#66/113

7.042017

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

#30/114

7.562017

Global Peace Index

1–5

#29/158

1.632023

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#21/161

3.8%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.