Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific·Upper middle income

Population: 3.48M; 131st of 217
GDP: $23.6B; 122nd of 214 · 2024
GDP per capita: $6,692; 124th of 214 · 2024
Life expectancy: 72.1; 134th of 217
Human development: 0.739; 95th of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Mongolia

Tuvalu

Fiji

Thailand

Marshall Islands

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

lower middle-income East Asian economy; large human capital improvements over last 3 decades; agricultural and natural resource rich; export and consumption-led growth; high inflation due to supply bottlenecks and increased food and energy prices; currency depreciation

Area: 1,564,116 km²
Resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold…
Borders: China 4,630 km; Russia 3,452 km

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Buddhist51.1%▼ 2.7pt
Unaffiliated40.8%▲ 3.4pt
Muslim3.5%
Other3.2%
Christian1.3%▼ 0.8pt

Religious diversity: 6.64 / 10 · high · 16th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

MNG

TUV

FJI

THA

GDP

current US$

$23.6B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$2.25B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

116.2%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

7.4%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

38.1%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Gini index

0–100

–––

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

–––

Population

people

3.48M–––

Population density

people per km²

2.2–––

Urban population

% of total

69.1%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

2.7–––

Net migration

people

83–––

Population under 15

% of total

32.2%–––

Population 65+

% of total

5.1%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

8.9%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

3.7%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

19.7K–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

2,411.1–––

Electricity generation

TWh

8.4–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0.1%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.522–––

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.329–––

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

5.42–––

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

3.74–––

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

4.17–––

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

4.55–––

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

45%–––

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

2.5–––

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

20.6%–––

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

29.3%–––

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

60%–––

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

31.9%–––

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

61.5%–––

Luck matters more than work

1–10

4.55–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

6.64–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

40.8%–––

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

–––

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

2.35–––

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

2.31–––

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

2.33–––

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

2.9–––

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

7.49–––

National pride

mean, 1–4

3.21–––

Would fight for country

% yes

79.7%–––

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

2.24–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

–––

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

0.6%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#122/214

$23.6B2024

GDP per capita

current US$

#124/214

$6,6922024

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#103/203

$18,005latest

GDP growth

annual %

#48/214

4.9%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#124/207

$5,3502024

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#173/213

8.2%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#64/201

$2.25B2023

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#21/205

116.2%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#91/206

7.4%2024

Industry value added

% of GDP

#23/208

38.1%2024

Unemployment

% of labor force

#99/187

5.5%latest

Gini index

0–100

#42/168

31.4latest

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

#42/168

0.4%latest

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#131/217

3.48Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#215/216

2.2latest

Urban population

% of total

#92/215

69.1%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#134/217

72.1latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#70/217

2.7latest

Net migration

people

#86/217

832024

Population under 15

% of total

#61/217

32.2%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#143/217

5.1%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#91/196

11.4latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#93/196

13.6latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#47/192

8.9%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#29/195

3.9latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#30/160

99%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#120/199

3.7%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#52/194

65.3%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#115/139

39.3%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#92/210

83%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#39/214

141.12023

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#100/208

14.62023

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#85/215

2,564.12024

Access to electricity

% of population

#76/215

100%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#78/198

19.7K2023

Electricity per capita

kWh

#102/202

2,411.12024

Electricity generation

TWh

#112/202

8.42024

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#153/202

9.7%2024

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#155/202

90.3%2024

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#147/204

44.72024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#189/204

12.92024

Share of global CO₂

#58/204

0.1%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#188/193

272023

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#77/172

0.5662022

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#74/172

0.4312022

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#116/178

332022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#124/193

-0.5612022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#121/193

-0.4252022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#100/193

-0.1872022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#63/193

0.5342022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#73/172

0.8142022

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

#26/104

0.5222020

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

#62/105

0.3292020

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

#86/113

5.422020

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

#48/112

3.742020

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

#38/114

4.172020

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

#69/114

4.552020

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

#110/114

3.272020

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

#104/111

3.452020

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

#40/113

45%2020

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

#43/109

2.52020

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

#39/112

20.6%2020

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

#33/112

29.3%2020

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

#22/114

60%2020

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

#58/114

31.9%2020

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

#42/110

61.5%2020

Luck matters more than work

1–10

#55/109

4.552020

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#16/193

6.642020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#15/193

40.8%2020

Trust & Institutions

Who people trust, and how much faith they place in government, press, and courts

theme overview →

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

#41/114

26.1%2020

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

#49/112

2.352020

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

#48/113

2.312020

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

#75/110

2.332020

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

#20/111

2.92020

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

#97/104

7.492020

National pride

mean, 1–4

#93/114

3.212020

Would fight for country

% yes

#38/113

79.7%2020

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

#71/114

2.242020

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#95/189

0.7392021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#76/170

0.3132021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#78/164

5.942025

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

#103/113

6.42020

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

#88/114

6.552020

Global Peace Index

1–5

#43/158

1.772023

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#143/161

0.6%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.