Luxembourg

Europe & Central Asia·High incomeOECDEU

Population: 666K; 167th of 217
GDP: $93.2B; 74th of 214 · 2024
GDP per capita: $137,520; 4th of 214 · 2024
Life expectancy: 83.4; 14th of 217
Human development: 0.93; 16th of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Luxembourg

Ireland

Switzerland

Liechtenstein

Isle of Man

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

high-income EU and eurozone economy; global, highly capitalized banking sector; one of highest GDP-per-capita countries; strengthened domestic demand and lower interest rates contributing to economic growth; challenges include pension-system sustainability, labor-market dynamics, and energy price volatility

Area: 2,586 km²
Languages: Luxembourgish (official administrative, judicial, and national language) 48.9%…
Resources: iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Borders: Belgium; France; Germany

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Christian65.9%▼ 8.5pt
Unaffiliated25.3%▲ 5.1pt
Other5.7%▲ 1.5pt
Muslim1.8%▲ 1.1pt

Religious diversity: 5.81 / 10 · high · 32nd of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

LUX

IRL

CHE

LIE

GDP

current US$

$93.2B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

-$62.8B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

44.3%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

0.2%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

9%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Gini index

0–100

–––

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

–––

GDP per capita, long run

2011 int'l $

–––

Human capital index

PWT, schooling × returns

–––

Annual hours worked

hours per worker

1,452.1–––

Labor share of GDP

share, 0–1

0.498–––

Total factor productivity

level, US = 1

–––

Population

people

666K–––

Population density

people per km²

253.7–––

Urban population

% of total

92.1%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

1.3–––

Net migration

people

5,677–––

Population under 15

% of total

15.8%–––

Population 65+

% of total

15.5%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

5.8%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

4.7%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

59K–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

2,317.8–––

Electricity generation

TWh

1.6–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Top 1% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Top 10% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Bottom 50% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Top 1% wealth share

% of net wealth

–––

Gini, pre-tax income

0–1

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Civil liberties

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Political corruption

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Academic freedom

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

5.13–––

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

6.27–––

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

4.9–––

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

6.63–––

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

14.8%–––

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

12.5%–––

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

13.6%–––

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

50.5%–––

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

29.1%–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

5.81–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

25.3%–––

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

–––

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

2.72–––

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

2.47–––

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

2.8–––

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

2.1–––

National pride

mean, 1–4

3.43–––

Would fight for country

% yes

53.8%–––

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

2.52–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

–––

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

0.7%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#74/214

$93.2B2024

GDP per capita

current US$

#4/214

$137,5202024

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#2/203

$142,420latest

GDP growth

annual %

#172/214

1%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#5/207

$91,4702024

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#143/213

5.2%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#198/201

-$62.8B2023

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#136/205

44.3%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#200/206

0.2%2024

Industry value added

% of GDP

#196/208

9%2024

Unemployment

% of labor force

#91/187

5.2%latest

Gini index

0–100

#72/168

34.1latest

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

#23/168

0.1%latest

GDP per capita, long run

2011 int'l $

#9/165

$55,4852022

Human capital index

PWT, schooling × returns

#24/144

3.472023

Annual hours worked

hours per worker

#121/129

1,452.12023

Labor share of GDP

share, 0–1

#82/139

0.4982023

Total factor productivity

level, US = 1

#12/119

0.9252023

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#167/217

666Klatest

Population density

people per km²

#52/216

253.7latest

Urban population

% of total

#24/215

92.1%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#14/217

83.4latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#196/217

1.3latest

Net migration

people

#53/217

5,6772024

Population under 15

% of total

#171/217

15.8%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#64/217

15.5%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#10/196

2latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#6/196

2.3latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#110/192

5.8%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#57/195

3latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#75/199

4.7%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#130/194

21%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#25/139

99.5%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#7/210

99.3%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#34/214

144.52023

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#26/208

38.32022

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#22/215

58.4K2024

Access to electricity

% of population

#67/215

100%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#20/198

59K2024

Electricity per capita

kWh

#106/202

2,317.82024

Electricity generation

TWh

#148/202

1.62024

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#20/202

90.4%2024

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#24/202

9.6%2024

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#82/204

72024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#182/204

10.52024

Share of global CO₂

#123/204

0%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#166/193

11.92023

Inequality

Who gets what — top and bottom shares of income and wealth, from tax data and national accounts

theme overview →

Top 1% income share

% of pre-tax income

#26/210

0.1%2024

Top 10% income share

% of pre-tax income

#14/210

0.3%2024

Bottom 50% income share

% of pre-tax income

#20/210

0.2%2024

Top 1% wealth share

% of net wealth

#120/210

0.3%2024

Gini, pre-tax income

0–1

#19/210

0.4482024

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#8/175

0.8692025

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#17/175

0.7772025

Civil liberties

V-Dem, 0–1

#12/175

0.9462025

Political corruption

V-Dem, 0–1

#9/175

0.0252025

Academic freedom

V-Dem, 0–1

#11/175

0.9182025

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#10/178

772022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#9/193

1.882022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#6/193

1.772022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#4/193

1.772022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#21/193

1.062022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#30/175

0.8962025

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

#88/113

5.132008

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

#20/112

6.272008

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

#25/114

4.92008

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

#22/114

6.632008

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

#44/114

1.592008

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

#82/111

2.622008

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

#91/113

14.8%2008

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

#65/112

12.5%2008

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

#77/112

13.6%2008

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

#37/114

50.5%2008

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

#62/114

29.1%2008

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#32/193

5.812020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#28/193

25.3%2020

Trust & Institutions

Who people trust, and how much faith they place in government, press, and courts

theme overview →

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

#29/114

33%2008

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

#24/112

2.722008

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

#33/113

2.472008

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

#27/110

2.82008

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

#71/111

2.12008

National pride

mean, 1–4

#68/114

3.432008

Would fight for country

% yes

#92/113

53.8%1999

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

#32/114

2.522008

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#16/189

0.932021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#9/170

0.0442021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#9/164

7.062025

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

#76/113

6.892008

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

#15/114

7.92008

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#135/161

0.7%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.