Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Population: 129M; 11th of 217
GDP: $127B; 62nd of 214 · 2022
GDP per capita: $1,011; 193rd of 214 · 2022
Life expectancy: 67.3; 172nd of 217
Human development: 0.498; 173rd of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Ethiopia

Chad

Rwanda

Sudan

Burkina Faso

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

low-income, fast-growing Horn of Africa economy; widespread poverty and food insecurity worsened by conflict and environmental factors; landlocked with tensions over seaport access; development aid supporting reforms to boost private-sector growth and financial stability; challenge of creating jobs for growing labor force

Area: 1,104,300 km²
Resources: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
Borders: Djibouti; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Christian61.6%▼ 1.0pt
Muslim36.2%▲ 1.4pt
Other2.1%

Religious diversity: 5.71 / 10 · high · 36th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

ETH

TCD

RWA

SDN

GDP

current US$

$127B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$3.26B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

12.4%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

34.9%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

25.4%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Gini index

0–100

–––

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

–––

Population

people

129M–––

Population density

people per km²

111.1–––

Urban population

% of total

23.2%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

4–––

Net migration

people

30.1K–––

Population under 15

% of total

39.1%–––

Population 65+

% of total

3.2%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

2.9%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

3.7%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

693.4–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

141.9–––

Electricity generation

TWh

18.3–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.399–––

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.259–––

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

9.82–––

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

1.64–––

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

1.68–––

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

2.59–––

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

48.4%–––

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

2.35–––

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

16.6%–––

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

16.2%–––

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

38.1%–––

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

51.5%–––

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

46.7%–––

Luck matters more than work

1–10

2.26–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

5.71–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

0.1%–––

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

–––

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

2.81–––

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

2.29–––

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

2.74–––

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

2.3–––

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

9.49–––

National pride

mean, 1–4

3.82–––

Would fight for country

% yes

88.8%–––

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

2–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

–––

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

0.8%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#62/214

$127B2022

GDP per capita

current US$

#193/214

$1,0112022

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#185/203

$3,061latest

GDP growth

annual %

#14/214

7.3%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#188/207

$1,0102022

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#202/213

25.5%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#55/201

$3.26B2023

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#204/205

12.4%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#5/206

34.9%2024

Industry value added

% of GDP

#86/208

25.4%2024

Unemployment

% of labor force

#50/187

3.4%latest

Gini index

0–100

#40/168

31.1latest

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

#141/168

38.6%latest

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#11/217

129Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#95/216

111.1latest

Urban population

% of total

#204/215

23.2%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#172/217

67.3latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#27/217

4latest

Net migration

people

#31/217

30.1K2024

Population under 15

% of total

#30/217

39.1%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#184/217

3.2%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#163/196

35.7latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#166/196

46.5latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#182/192

2.9%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#180/195

0.1latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#148/160

51.8%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#122/199

3.7%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#169/194

7.7%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#133/139

13.2%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#203/210

16.7%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#196/214

572022

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#176/208

0.52022

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#193/215

23.72024

Access to electricity

% of population

#190/215

55.4%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#183/198

693.42023

Electricity per capita

kWh

#181/202

141.92023

Electricity generation

TWh

#87/202

18.32023

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#7/202

100%2023

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#4/202

0%2023

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#112/204

17.82024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#8/204

0.12024

Share of global CO₂

#93/204

0%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#29/193

22023

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#118/172

0.3192022

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#126/172

0.1522022

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#95/178

382022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#116/193

-0.4412022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#143/193

-0.7452022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#137/193

-0.6232022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#183/193

-2.042022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#96/172

0.7582022

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

#70/104

0.3992020

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

#92/105

0.2592020

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

#6/113

9.822020

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

#90/112

1.642020

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

#107/114

1.682020

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

#106/114

2.592020

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

#35/114

1.492020

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

#13/111

1.552020

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

#35/113

48.4%2020

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

#58/109

2.352020

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

#54/112

16.6%2020

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

#71/112

16.2%2020

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

#66/114

38.1%2020

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

#27/114

51.5%2020

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

#85/110

46.7%2020

Luck matters more than work

1–10

#108/109

2.262020

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#36/193

5.712020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#170/193

0.1%2020

Trust & Institutions

Who people trust, and how much faith they place in government, press, and courts

theme overview →

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

#88/114

11.9%2020

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

#18/112

2.812020

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

#52/113

2.292020

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

#34/110

2.742020

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

#60/111

2.32020

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

#2/104

9.492020

National pride

mean, 1–4

#9/114

3.822020

Would fight for country

% yes

#11/113

88.8%2020

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

#98/114

22020

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#173/189

0.4982021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#129/170

0.522021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#145/164

3.992025

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

#37/113

7.482020

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

#105/114

5.782020

Global Peace Index

1–5

#147/158

2.872023

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#134/161

0.8%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.