Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa·Low income

Population: 3.47M; 132nd of 217
GDP: $2.07B; 191st of 214 · 2011
GDP per capita: $689; 205th of 214 · 2011
Life expectancy: 68.6; 161st of 217
Human development: 0.492; 174th of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Eritrea

Niger

Congo, Democratic Republic of

Mozambique

Somalia

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

largely agrarian economy with a significant mining sector; substantial fiscal surplus due to tight controls; high and vulnerable debts; increased Ethiopian trade and shared port usage decreasing prices; financial and economic data integrity challenges

Area: 117,600 km²
Languages: Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other…
Resources: gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish
Borders: Djibouti; Ethiopia 1,033 km; Sudan

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Muslim51.7%
Christian46.7%
Unaffiliated1.1%
Other0.6%

Religious diversity: 6.01 / 10 · high · 28th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

ERI

NER

COD

MOZ

GDP

current US$

$2.07B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$2.07M–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

28.6%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

14.1%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

21.8%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Population

people

3.47M–––

Population density

people per km²

28.2–––

Urban population

% of total

43.3%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

3.7–––

Net migration

people

-12.7K–––

Population under 15

% of total

38.1%–––

Population 65+

% of total

4.2%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

3.9%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

2.1%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

872.5–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

126.8–––

Electricity generation

TWh

0.4–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Top 1% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Top 10% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Bottom 50% income share

% of pre-tax income

–––

Top 1% wealth share

% of net wealth

–––

Gini, pre-tax income

0–1

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Civil liberties

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Political corruption

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Academic freedom

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Conflict deaths

deaths per year, best estimate

–––

State-based conflict deaths

deaths per year, best estimate

–––

One-sided violence deaths

civilian deaths per year

–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

6.01–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

1.1%–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

20.9%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#191/214

$2.07B2011

GDP per capita

current US$

#205/214

$6892011

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#197/203

$1,742latest

GDP growth

annual %

#8/214

8.7%2011

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#199/207

$6502011

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#195/213

19.5%2011

FDI inflows

current US$

#175/201

$2.07M2023

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#180/205

28.6%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#59/206

14.1%2009

Industry value added

% of GDP

#122/208

21.8%2009

Unemployment

% of labor force

#104/187

5.6%latest

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#132/217

3.47Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#173/216

28.2latest

Urban population

% of total

#164/215

43.3%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#161/217

68.6latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#37/217

3.7latest

Net migration

people

#161/217

-12.7K2024

Population under 15

% of total

#36/217

38.1%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#162/217

4.2%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#141/196

25.5latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#143/196

35.4latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#159/192

3.9%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#186/195

0.1latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#125/160

76.6%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#177/199

2.1%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#188/194

3%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#198/210

20%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#195/214

59.12022

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#188/208

0.22022

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#213/215

22024

Access to electricity

% of population

#192/215

54.4%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#181/198

872.52023

Electricity per capita

kWh

#183/202

126.82023

Electricity generation

TWh

#176/202

0.42023

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#151/202

11.4%2023

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#152/202

88.6%2023

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#33/204

0.72024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#16/204

0.22024

Share of global CO₂

#168/204

0%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#49/193

2.72023

Inequality

Who gets what — top and bottom shares of income and wealth, from tax data and national accounts

theme overview →

Top 1% income share

% of pre-tax income

#30/210

0.1%2024

Top 10% income share

% of pre-tax income

#57/210

0.4%2024

Bottom 50% income share

% of pre-tax income

#52/210

0.2%2024

Top 1% wealth share

% of net wealth

#34/210

0.2%2024

Gini, pre-tax income

0–1

#57/210

0.5162024

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#173/175

0.0692025

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#175/175

0.0092025

Civil liberties

V-Dem, 0–1

#173/175

0.0472025

Political corruption

V-Dem, 0–1

#129/175

0.7522025

Academic freedom

V-Dem, 0–1

#173/175

0.0342025

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#160/178

222022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#176/193

-1.282022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#185/193

-1.732022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#187/193

-1.772022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#163/193

-0.972022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#174/175

0.1512025

Conflict & Security

Organized violence since 1989 — every battle death georeferenced by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program

theme overview →

Conflict deaths

deaths per year, best estimate

#44/126

02025

State-based conflict deaths

deaths per year, best estimate

#53/126

02025

One-sided violence deaths

civilian deaths per year

#52/126

02025

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#28/193

6.012020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#127/193

1.1%2020

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#174/189

0.4922021

Global Peace Index

1–5

#130/158

2.512023

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#2/161

20.9%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.