Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia·Upper middle income

Population: 3.19M; 135th of 217
GDP: $28.3B; 112th of 214 · 2024
GDP per capita: $8,957; 106th of 214 · 2024
Life expectancy: 77.9; 69th of 217
Human development: 0.78; 73rd of 189 · 2021

Benchmarked against

Georgia

North Macedonia

Turkmenistan

Armenia

Default peers are drawn from region, income, and bloc membership — swap in any country you like. The gray tick on each strip is the world median.

import-dominated economy; remains consumption-heavy; lack of private sector investments and diversification; jointly addressing structural economic challenges; Chinese energy infrastructure investments; high unemployment; tourism industry impacted by COVID-19

Area: 51,197 km²
Resources: coal, iron ore, antimony, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese…
Borders: Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia

Religion

who identifies with what, 2020

world view →

Muslim53.6%▲ 2.4pt
Christian44.7%▼ 1.8pt
Unaffiliated1%
Other0.6%▼ 0.5pt

Religious diversity: 5.98 / 10 · high · 29th of 193

Change markers show percentage-point shifts from 2010 to 2020 · Pew Research Center, Religious Composition 2010–2020.

Score card

quartile grades among all countries with data

A · Top quartileB · Above medianC · Below medianD · Bottom quartile

Topic

BIH

GEO

MKD

TKM

GDP

current US$

$28.3B–––

GDP per capita

current US$

–––

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

–––

GDP growth

annual %

–––

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

–––

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

–––

FDI inflows

current US$

$1.13B–––

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

87.3%–––

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

4.3%–––

Industry value added

% of GDP

22%–––

Unemployment

% of labor force

–––

Gini index

0–100

–––

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

–––

Population

people

3.19M–––

Population density

people per km²

62.6–––

Urban population

% of total

50.3%–––

Life expectancy

years at birth

–––

Fertility rate

births per woman

1.5–––

Net migration

people

-4,497–––

Population under 15

% of total

13%–––

Population 65+

% of total

22.2%–––

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

–––

Health expenditure

% of GDP

8.7%–––

Physicians

per 1,000 people

–––

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

–––

Education expenditure

% of GDP

4.1%–––

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

–––

Safe drinking water

% of population

–––

Internet users

% of population

–––

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

–––

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

–––

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

–––

Access to electricity

% of population

–––

Energy use per capita

kWh

26.7K–––

Electricity per capita

kWh

4,784.7–––

Electricity generation

TWh

15.1–––

Renewable electricity

% of generation

–––

Fossil electricity

% of generation

–––

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

–––

CO₂ per capita

t per person

–––

Share of global CO₂

0.1%–––

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

–––

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

–––

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

–––

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

–––

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.427–––

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

0.284–––

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

8.38–––

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

1.76–––

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

3.38–––

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

5.11–––

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

–––

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

40.4%–––

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

2.16–––

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

24.8%–––

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

31.9%–––

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

31.5%–––

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

34.4%–––

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

38.1%–––

Luck matters more than work

1–10

3.96–––

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

5.98–––

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

1%–––

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

–––

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

1.77–––

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

1.86–––

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

1.98–––

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

2.41–––

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

8.35–––

National pride

mean, 1–4

2.97–––

Would fight for country

% yes

51.4%–––

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

1.99–––

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

–––

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

–––

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

–––

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

–––

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

–––

Global Peace Index

1–5

–––

Military expenditure

% of GDP

0.8%–––

Economy & Trade

Output, growth, prices, and openness

theme overview →

GDP

current US$

#112/214

$28.3B2024

GDP per capita

current US$

#106/214

$8,9572024

GDP per capita, PPP

international $

#89/203

$22,509latest

GDP growth

annual %

#137/214

2.5%2024

GNI per capita

Atlas method, US$

#98/207

$8,6302024

Inflation

GDP deflator, annual %

#20/213

0.1%2024

FDI inflows

current US$

#88/201

$1.13B2024

Merchandise trade

% of GDP

#39/205

87.3%2024

Agriculture value added

% of GDP

#119/206

4.3%2024

Industry value added

% of GDP

#121/208

22%2024

Unemployment

% of labor force

#150/187

10.7%latest

Gini index

0–100

#58/168

33latest

Extreme poverty

% below $2.15/day

#27/168

0.2%latest

People & Society

Population structure, urbanization, and migration

theme overview →

Population

people

#135/217

3.19Mlatest

Population density

people per km²

#141/216

62.6latest

Urban population

% of total

#147/215

50.3%latest

Life expectancy

years at birth

#69/217

77.9latest

Fertility rate

births per woman

#163/217

1.5latest

Net migration

people

#138/217

-4,4972024

Population under 15

% of total

#206/217

13%2024

Population 65+

% of total

#15/217

22.2%2024

Health & Education

Longevity, mortality, learning, and public spending

theme overview →

Infant mortality

per 1,000 live births

#52/196

5.3latest

Under-5 mortality

per 1,000 live births

#47/196

6latest

Health expenditure

% of GDP

#50/192

8.7%latest

Physicians

per 1,000 people

#76/195

2.3latest

Adult literacy

% ages 15+

#39/160

98.3%latest

Education expenditure

% of GDP

#99/199

4.1%latest

Tertiary enrollment

% gross

#96/194

45%latest

Safe drinking water

% of population

#66/139

87%latest

Connectivity

Internet, mobile, and digital infrastructure

theme overview →

Internet users

% of population

#88/210

83.4%latest

Mobile subscriptions

per 100 people

#97/214

117.72023

Fixed broadband

per 100 people

#63/208

28.52023

Secure internet servers

per 1M people

#73/215

5,554.22024

Access to electricity

% of population

#18/215

100%latest

Energy & Climate

Energy use, electricity mix, and emissions

theme overview →

Energy use per capita

kWh

#61/198

26.7K2023

Electricity per capita

kWh

#62/202

4,784.72024

Electricity generation

TWh

#97/202

15.12024

Renewable electricity

% of generation

#85/202

36.5%2024

Fossil electricity

% of generation

#99/202

63.5%2024

CO₂ emissions

Mt per year

#115/204

19.42024

CO₂ per capita

t per person

#157/204

6.12024

Share of global CO₂

#90/204

0.1%2024

GHG per capita

t CO₂e per person

#148/193

8.42023

Governance & Democracy

Democratic institutions, corruption, and rule of law

theme overview →

Electoral democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#83/172

0.5282022

Liberal democracy

V-Dem, 0–1

#87/172

0.3652022

Corruption perceptions

CPI, 0–100

#108/178

342022

Control of corruption

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#139/193

-0.6842022

Government effectiveness

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#166/193

-1.062022

Rule of law

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#109/193

-0.3072022

Political stability

WGI, −2.5 to 2.5

#131/193

-0.4392022

Women's political empowerment

V-Dem, 0–1

#65/172

0.8282022

Values & Beliefs

What people hold sacred, permit, and pass on — from 40 years of World Values Survey interviews

theme overview →

Emancipative values

Welzel index, 0–1

#61/104

0.4272001

Secular values

Welzel index, 0–1

#80/105

0.2842001

Importance of God

mean, 1–10

#53/113

8.382019

Acceptance of homosexuality

justifiable, 1–10

#83/112

1.762019

Acceptance of abortion

justifiable, 1–10

#55/114

3.382019

Acceptance of divorce

justifiable, 1–10

#53/114

5.112019

Bribery seen as justifiable

1–10

#37/114

1.52019

Tax cheating seen as justifiable

1–10

#29/111

1.752019

Men should get jobs first

% agreeing

#48/113

40.4%2019

Men make better leaders

agree, 1–4

#73/109

2.162019

Wouldn't want neighbors of another race

% mentioning

#28/112

24.8%2019

Wouldn't want immigrant neighbors

% mentioning

#26/112

31.9%2019

Children should learn independence

% mentioning

#87/114

31.5%2019

Children should learn obedience

% mentioning

#54/114

34.4%2019

Environment over economy

% choosing environment

#102/110

38.1%2019

Luck matters more than work

1–10

#80/109

3.961998

Religious diversity

Pew RDI, 0–10

#29/193

5.982020

Religiously unaffiliated

% of population

#128/193

1%2020

Trust & Institutions

Who people trust, and how much faith they place in government, press, and courts

theme overview →

Most people can be trusted

% agreeing

#93/114

9.7%2019

Confidence in government

mean, 1–4

#100/112

1.772019

Confidence in the press

mean, 1–4

#104/113

1.862019

Confidence in courts

mean, 1–4

#95/110

1.982019

Support for a strong leader

good system, 1–4

#55/111

2.412019

Importance of democracy

mean, 1–10

#55/104

8.352019

National pride

mean, 1–4

#109/114

2.972019

Would fight for country

% yes

#95/113

51.4%2019

Interest in politics

mean, 1–4

#101/114

1.992019

Development & Wellbeing

Composite measures of how life is going

theme overview →

Human Development Index

UNDP, 0–1

#73/189

0.782021

Gender inequality

GII, 0–1

#38/170

0.1362021

Happiness

Cantril ladder, 0–10

#47/164

6.382025

Freedom & control over life

mean, 1–10

#13/113

7.82019

Life satisfaction

mean, 1–10

#22/114

7.722019

Global Peace Index

1–5

#60/158

1.892023

Military expenditure

% of GDP

#132/161

0.8%latest

Explore any measure in depth on its own page — try GDP per capita or electoral democracy.